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Jane Montgomery Casey, Part 1

John Stuekerjuergen, a historian originally from West Point, Iowa, shared this series with Columbia Magazine at the suggestion of the late, great Phil Hanna. The recent announcement of the Phil Hanna Cultural Affairs Series at Lindsey Wilson seemed to make it a good week to publish Phil's last recommendation to CM.

By John Stuekerjuergen

Part 1: Surviving Indian Attacks to Become Mark Twain's Great Grandmother

BUT DID THE TWO EVER MEET?
Jane Montgomery Casey (1761-1844) has a simple grave in the West Point Cemetery. While she was the maternal great grandmother of Samuel Clemens (later Mark Twain), she died before he became famous, and there is no documentation that they met. However, she led a very full and interesting life in her own right.

Daughter of a Pioneer Family
Erythusa Jane Montgomery was born in 1761 in the mountainous part of the Colony of Virginia, British North America. Her parents were William Montgomery Sr. (1727-1781) and Jane "Jean" Patterson. Jane Montgomery, our subject, had at least eight siblings. We know very little about Jane's childhood, but assume it was typical for a young girl raised on the frontier. The only specific recollection of those days seems to be that she enjoyed wearing moccasins!


A Move to the Kentucky Frontier
In fall 1779, the family moved to Kentucky, first living at Logan's Fort. Late in the following year, William Montgomery, along with sons William Jr. and John, and a son-in-law, built a cluster of four log cabins about 12 miles southwest of the fort. The site was near present-day Stanford, Kentucky. In a scramble to complete construction during the winter, the doors and windows were not built very strong. Also, there was no stockade around the cabins. It was thought, at the time, that there was no danger from Indians (a belief that would prove naive). The women and children were brought from Logan's Fort to settle in the new cabins.

The first cabin was inhabited by William Montgomery, Sr., his wife, and six children (including Jane). Cabins 2 and 3 were inhabited by William's adult sons, William Jr. and John, as well as their families. The last cabin was inhabited by William's daughter, Molly, her husband, Joseph Russell, and three small children.

Indian Attack!
Early on February 27, 1781, Indians attacked the cabins. William Montgomery Sr., the father, had stepped outside for firewood and was shot seven times. A male slave living with the family was also shot and fell onto the door sill. Jane Montgomery, our subject, pulled the unfortunate man's body into the cabin and locked the door. Reportedly, there was no rifle, although Jane shouted to the Indians that she had one. She ordered James, the youngest sibling, to take cover. Jane instructed her younger sister, Betsy, to climb up the half-finished chimney and run to Pettit's Station for help. The station was 2.5 miles away. When Betsy jumped to the ground, she was pursued by an Indian, but outran him.

The Indians also broke into the cabin of William's son, John, and shot him as he got out of bed. Two or three others living in the small settlement also lost their lives. William's other adult son, William Jr., shot two of the intruders.

After the quick skirmish, the Indians gathered up some of the surviving spouses and children, and fled the scene. They covered 15 miles when they were intercepted by a contingent of soldiers alerted by Betsy. Before fleeing into a cane field, the Indians killed young Flora Russell with a hatchet and scalped a young slave girl, who survived. That was the end of hostilities.

The Aftermath
Jane Montgomery, our subject, married William Casey (later Col. Casey) within a matter of months. The wedding was held in the same clearing where her relatives had lost their lives. There were at least two additional times during her life when Jane was called to the defense of her home against Indians. For years after, Jane suffered from a variety of chronic ailments such as insomnia and digestive issues that she attributed to stress from those incidents.


Note: This is Part 1 of a 3 part series:
  • Part 1: Early years in Kentucky, including the Indian attack that killed her father and brother.
  • Part 2: Marriage to Col. William Casey and status as matriarch of her family.
  • Part 3: Moving to Irish Grove, IL and then West Point, Iowa, with special focus on the latter.


This story was posted on 2025-11-28 10:57:09
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Example of Kentucky Pioneer Cabins



2025-11-28 - Kentucky - Photo courtesy John Stuekerjuergen.
William Montgomery's family settled near present-day Standford, Kentucky, in a cluster of 4 log cabins such as the ones above. John writes, "It was thought, at the time, that there was no danger from Indians (a belief that would prove naive)."

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